MELALONCHA CATALOG AND LITERATURE

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Genus Melaloncha Brues

Type species: Melaloncha pulchella Brues

Melaloncha Brues, 1904, p. 374.
Melanoloncha Becker, et al. 1907: unjustified emendation.
Udamochiras Enderlein, 1912, p. 42 (type species: Udamochiras colossia Enderlein, 1912)

Natural history: Borgmeier, 1938; Ramírez, 1982; Ronna, 1936, 1937; Simôes, et al., 1980.

Most recent keys to species: Borgmeier, 1971; Brown, 2004a, 2005a (Udamochiras), 2004b (M. cingulata-group), 2005b (M. furcata-group).
 

Subgenus Melaloncha Brues

Type species Melaloncha pulchella Brues, by subsequent designation (Brues, 1906).

    M. cingulata-group

Revision: Brown, 2004b

cingulata Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha cingulata Borgmeier, 1959, p. 180, figs. 69, 78, 80, 81. (female; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). Brown, 2004b, p. 389, fig. 4. 

crassa Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha crassa Brown, 2004b, p. 389, fig. 5 (female; Heredia: La Selva Biological Station). 

elviae Brown. – Bolivia.
Melaloncha elviae Brown, 2004b, p. 389, fig. 6 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni). 

hirticula Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha hirticula Brown, 2004b, p. 390, fig. 7 (female; Puntarenas: Las Alturas). 

lamellata Borgmeier. – Bolivia, Colombia.
Melaloncha lamellata Borgmeier, 1934, p. 169, fig. 9, plate 3 fig. 1 (female; La Paz: Mapiri , Sarampioni). Brown, 2004b, p. 388, fig. 1.

nudibasalis Brown. – Brazil.
Melaloncha nudibasalis Brown, 2004b, p. 390, fig. 8 (female; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). 

pertica Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha pertica Brown, 2004b, p. 388, fig. 2 (female; San José: Zurquí de Moravia). 

prosopica Brown. – Argentina.
Melaloncha prosopica Brown, 2004b, p. 390, fig. 9 (female; Santiago del Estero: Las Temas). 

succincta Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha succincta Brown, 2004b, p. 390, fig. 10 (female; Alajuela: Finca La Selva). 

thompsonae Brown. – Bolivia.
Melaloncha thompsonae Brown, 2004b, p. 388, fig. 3 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni). 

variabilis Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha variabilis Brown, 2004b, p. 391, fig. 11 (female; San José: Zona Protectora El Rodeo, and other sites). 

    M. furcata-group

Revision: Brown, 2005b

M. furcata-subgroup

calceola Brown. – Brazil.

Melaloncha calceola Brown, 2005b, p. 248, fig. 8 (female; AM: Manaus).

 

curvata Brown. – Argentina.

Melaloncha curvata Brown, 2005b, p. 246, figs. 4, 35 (male, female; Misiones: Reserva Vida Silvestre Urugua-í).

 

diffidentia Brown. – Brazil, Argentina, Mexico.

Melaloncha diffidentia Brown, 2005b, p. 248, fig. 7 (female; SC: Nova Teutônia, SC, Brazil and other sites).

 

elongata Brown. – Costa Rica to Bolivia.

Melaloncha elongata Brown, 2005b, p. 247, figs. 5, 40 (female; San José: Zona Protectora El Rodeo, Costa Rica, and other sites).

 

furcata Borgmeier. – Brazil.

Melaloncha furcata Borgmeier, 1934, p. 188, plate 3 fig. 17 (male; ES: Santa Teresa). Borgmeier, 1959, p. 185 (female; SC: Nova Teutônia). – Brown, 2005b, p. 244 (status unknown).

 

gibberosa Brown. – Peru.

Melaloncha gibberosa Brown, 2005b, p. 249, figs. 9, 11, 36 (female; Madre de Dios: Tambopata Research Center).

 

gongyla Brown. – Brazil.

Melaloncha gongyla Brown, 2005b, p. 251, fig. 15 (female; AM: Manaus).

 

hirtipecta Brown. – Bolivia.

Melaloncha hirtipecta Brown, 2005b, p. 247, figs. 6, 41 (female; La Paz: Coroico).

 

inversa Brown. – Argentina.

Melaloncha inversa Brown, 2005b, p. 251, fig. 17 (female; Misiones: Iguazu NP).

 

kungae Brown. – Amazon Basin.

Melaloncha kungae Brown, 2005b, p. 246, figs. 1, 3, 34 (female: Ecuador: Napo: Yasuni NP; also Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru).

 

lingula Brown. – Bolivia.

Melaloncha lingula Brown, 2005b, p. 249, figs. 10, 12 (female; La Paz: Mapiri).

 

ovata Brown. – Costa Rica.

Melaloncha ovata Brown, 2005b, p. 250, fig. 14 (female; Cartago: Tuis).

 

pilula Brown. – Costa Rica.

Melaloncha pilula Brown, 2005b, p. 251, fig. 16 (female; Puntarenas: Las Cruces, and other sites).

 

varicosa Brown. – Bolivia.

Melaloncha varicosa Brown, 2005b, p. 250, fig. 13 (female; La Paz: Alto Rio Beni).

M. obscurella-subgroup

atlantica Brown. – Costa Rica.

Melaloncha atlantica Brown, 2005b, p. 253, figs. 19, 26 (female; Heredia: Chilamate, La Selva).

 

catervula Brown. – Brazil.

Melaloncha catervula Brown, 2005b, p. 253, figs. 18, 25, 32 (female; Roraima: Serra Grande).

 

chamaea Brown. – Peru, Bolivia, Brazil.

Melaloncha chamaea Brown, 2005b, p. 254, figs. 21, 28 (female; Peru: Madre de Dios: Tambopata Research Center, and other sites).

 

clandestina Brown. – Colombia.

Melaloncha clandestina Brown, 2005b, p. 255, figs. 22, 29 (female: Amazonas: Amacayacu NP).

 

dactyla Brown. – Brazil.

Melaloncha dactyla Brown, 2005b, p. 255, figs. 23, 30 (female; AM: Manaus).

 

mapiriensis Brown. – Bolivia.

Melaloncha mapiriensis Brown, 2005b, p. 255, figs. 24, 31 (female: La Paz: Mapiri).

 

obscurella Borgmeier. – Costa Rica.

Melaloncha obscurella Borgmeier, 1934, p. 189, plate 3 fig. 18 (male; Higuito). – Brown, 2005b, p. 254, figs. 20, 27, 33, 37-39 (female, new records).

     Other species

clavata Schmitz. - Brazil, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha clavata Schmitz, 1927, p. 164, 176, 2 figs. (female; Costa Rica). - Borgmeier, 1959, p. 184 (male, female ; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, Brazil).

Natural history: Borgmeier, 1938; Simôes et al., 1980.

costaricana Borgmeier. - Costa Rica.
Melaloncha costaricana Borgmeier, 1934, p. 180, plate 3 fig. 13 (male; Suiza de Turrialba).

cuspidata Borgmeier. - Bolivia, Brazil.
Melaloncha cuspidata Borgmeier, 1934, p. 174, plate 3 fig. 7 (female; Yungas de Coroico). - Borgmeier, 1971, p. 131 (female; Nova Teutônia, Brazil).

digitalis Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha digitalis Borgmeier, 1959, p. 176, figs. 63-66, 75 (male, female ; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina (type locality); Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro).

flava Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha flava Borgmeier, 1959, p. 182, fig. 77 (male, female ; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina).

Natural history: Simôes et al., 1980.

genitalis Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha genitalis Borgmeier, 1934, p. 181, plate 3 fig. 15 (male; Laranja da Terra, Espirito Santo).
Melaloncha ungulata Borgmeier, 1938, p. 45, fig. 5-6, 12-13 (male, female; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, Brazil). Synonymized by Borgmeier, 1971, p. 130.

glabrifrons Borgmeier. - Brazil, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha glabrifrons Borgmeier, 1934, p. 178, plate 3 fig. 11 (male; Suiza de Turrialba, Costa Rica). - Borgmeier, 1959, p. 179 (male, female ; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, Brazil).

hyalinipennis Borgmeier. - Argentina.
Melaloncha hyalinipennis Borgmeier, 1933, p. 95, 1 fig. (male, female; Chaco).

luteipleura Borgmeier. - Costa Rica
Melaloncha luteipleura Borgmeier, 1934, p. 178, plate 3 fig. 6 (male; Suiza de Turrialba).

maculata Borgmeier. - Costa Rica.
Melaloncha maculata Borgmeier, 1934, p. 176, plate 3 fig. 4 (female; Higuito).

nigrifrons Borgmeier. - Costa Rica.
Melaloncha nigrifrons Borgmeier, 1971, p. 133, figs. 173-174 (female; San José).

nigrita Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha nigrita Borgmeier, 1959, p. 185, figs. 72-74, 76 (female; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina).

palpalis Borgmeier. - Costa Rica.
Melaloncha palpalis Borgmeier, 1934, p. 172, figs. 10, 12, plate 3 fig. 5 (female; Suiza de Turrialba).

plaumanni Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha plaumanni Borgmeier, 1938, p. 48, figs. 7-9 (male, female; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina).

pulchella Brues. - Bolivia, Paraguay.
Melaloncha pulchella Brues, 1904, p. 375, plate IX fig. 62 (male, female; Songo, Bolivia). - Brues, 1911, p. 440 (male; Paraguay). - Borgmeier, 1971, p. 128 (discussion andfull description).

Note: Borgmeier (1971) doubted that the male specimen from Paraguay was the same species.

punctifrons Borgmeier. - Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha punctifrons Borgmeier, 1934, p. 171, figs. 1, 11, plate 3 fig. 2 (female; Mapiri, Lorenzapata, Bolivia). - Borgmeier & Prado, 1975, p. 54 (female; Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil).

sinistra Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha sinistra Borgmeier, 1971, p. 134 (male, female; Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo). - Borgmeier & Prado, 1975, p. 54 (full description).

Natural history: Simôes et al., 1980.

striatula Borgmeier. - Costa Rica.
Melaloncha striatula Borgmeier, 1934, p. 176, plate 3 fig. 9 (female; Higuito).

stylata (Schiner). - Colombia, Venezuela.
Phora stylata Schiner, 1868, p. 224 (female; Colombia).
Melaloncha stylata: Brues, 1904, p. 375. - Schmitz, 1929, p. 147, fig. 36 (Venezuela).

zikani Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha zikani Borgmeier, 1934, p. 186, plate 3 fig. 16 (male; Itatiaia).
 

Subgenus Udamochiras Enderlein

Type species Udamochiras colossia Enderlein, 1912, by original designation.

Revisions: Brown, 2004a; Gonzalez & Brown, 2004.

altobenia Gonzalez & Brown – Bolivia.
Melaloncha altobenia Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 6, figs. 3, 10 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni).

anaticula Brown. – Ecuador.
Melaloncha anaticula Brown, 2004a, p. 24, fig. 63 (female; Carchi: Chical). 

ancistra Gonzalez & Brown – Colombia.
Melaloncha ancistra Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 8, figs. 4, 11 (female; Boyaca: SFF Iguaque).

angustifrons Brown. – Costa Rica, Bolivia.
Melaloncha angustifrons Brown, 2004a, p. 25, figs. 16, 58, 64 (female; Puntarenas: Las Alturas, and other sites). 

apicula Brown. – Brazil.
Melaloncha apicula Brown, 2004a, p. 25, figs. 59, 65 (female; Amazonas: Reserva Ducke). 

aprica Brown. – Costa Rica, Brazil.
Melaloncha aprica Brown, 2004a, p. 23, figs. 56, 61 (female; Cartago: Turrialba, and other sites). 

atribiseta Gonzalez & Brown – Bolivia.
Melaloncha atribiseta Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 9, figs. 5, 12 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni).

basella Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha basella Brown, 2004a, p. 26, figs. 60, 66 (female; San José: 14 km N San Isidro). 

biseta Brown. – Bolivia, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha biseta Brown, 2004a, p. 26, fig. 67 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni, and other sites). 

brevicarina Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha brevicarina Brown, 2004a, p. 11, figs. 23, 28, 31 (female; San José: Zurquí de Moravia). 

carinata Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha carinata Brown, 2004a, p. 13, figs. 24, 29, 32 (female; Puntarenas: 3k SW Rincon). 

colossia (Enderlein). - Brazil.
Udamochiras colossia Enderlein, 1912, p. 42 (male; Hamonia, Santa Catarina).
Melaloncha colossia: Brues, 1912, p. 136. Borgmeier, 1959, p. 174 (male, female; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina). Brown, 2004a, p. 16, fig. 40. Gonzalez & Brown, 2004 (host).

compressicauda Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha compressicauda Brown, 2004a, p. 26, figs. 68, 72 (female; Alajuela: Reserva Biologica San Ramon; Cartago: near Tuis). 

concavella Gonzalez & Brown – Bolivia.
Melaloncha concavella Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 4, fig. 1 (female; La Paz: San Lorenzo Valley).

corniculata Gonzalez & Brown – Argentina.
Melaloncha corniculata Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 10, figs. 6, 13 (female; Misiones: Res. Urugua-í).

cucharella Gonzalez & Brown – Honduras.
Melaloncha cucharella Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 5, fig. 2 (female; Olancho: Muralla NP).

deinocerca Borgmeier. – Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico.
Melaloncha deinocerca Borgmeier, 1960, p. 304, figs. 64-66 (female; Mato Grosso: Westgrenze). Brown, 2004a, p. 28, figs. 11, 26, 69, 73 (Costa Rica, Mexico).

exigua Brown. – Bolivia, Brazil.
Melaloncha exigua Brown, 2004a, p. 28, figs. 70, 74 (female; La Paz: Coroico; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). 

falcata Brown. – Mexico to Brazil.
Melaloncha falcata Brown, 2004a, p. 29, figs. 71, 75 (female; Costa Rica: Cartago: Turrialba, and other sites in Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, and Brazil). 

flavilata Brown. – Colombia.
Melaloncha flavilata Brown, 2004a, p. 14, figs. 25, 34, 38 (female; Amazonas: Amacayacu National Park). 

hamata Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha hamata Brown, 2004a, p. 19, fig. 47 (female; Guanacaste: Estación Cacao). 

hansoni Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha hansoni Brown, 2004a, p. 29, figs. 22, 76 (female; San José: Zurquí de Moravia; Cartago: 4km NE Cañon). 

hirticauda Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha hirticauda Borgmeier, 1934, p. 185, figs. 4, 8, plate 3 fig. 14 (female; Bom Retiro, Santa Catarina). Brown, 2004a, p. 31, figs. 77, 82. 

horologica Brown. – Bolivia, Ecuador.
Melaloncha horologica Brown, 2004a, p. 19, figs. 48, 53 (female; La Paz: San Juanito; Napo: Yasuni Research Station). 

individa Brown. – Brazil.
Melaloncha individa Brown, 2004a, p. 22, fig. 51 (female; Amazonas: Reserva Ducke). 

lobata Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha lobata Brown, 2004a, p. 31, figs. 78, 85 (female; Alajuela: 20km S Upala). 

maculifrons Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha maculifrons Brown, 2004a, p. 31, figs. 27, 79, 83 (female; Heredia: Vara Blanca, and other sites). 

mexicana Borgmeier. - Mexico.
Melaloncha mexicana Borgmeier, 1971, p. 131, figs. 169-171 (female; Nayarit: Rio de las Canyas). Brown, 2004a, p. 18, fig. 46. 

nigricorpus Borgmeier. – Mexico to Bolivia.
Melaloncha nigricorpus Borgmeier, 1934, p. 183, fig. 7, plate 3 fig. 8 (female; Bolivia: La Paz: Mapiri, Sarampioni). - Borgmeier, 1959, p. 176 (male; Brazil: Mato Grosso: Marajcajú). Brown, 2004a, p. 32, fig. 84 (Mexico, Venezuela)  

parkeri Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha parkeri Brown, 2004a, p. 33, fig. 86 (female; Guanacaste: 3km SE Rio Naranjo). 

paxilla Brown. – Mexico.
Melaloncha paxilla Brown, 2004a, p. 24, figs. 57, 62 (female; Puebla: 3 mi NW Petlalcingo; Jalisco: Puerto Vallarta). 

piliapex Borgmeier. – Brazil, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha piliapex Borgmeier, 1938, p. 50, figs. 10-11 (female; Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina). Brown, 2004a, p. 33, figs. 80, 92 (Costa Rica). ). 

premordica Brown. – Brazil.
Melaloncha premordica Brown, 2004a, p. 13, figs. 30, 33 (female; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). 

rhampha Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha rhampha Brown, 2004a, p. 16, figs. 36, 41 (female; Heredia: La Selva Biological Station). 

rhypopoda Brown. – Bolivia.
Melaloncha rhypopoda Brown, 2004a, p. 22, fig. 52 (female; La Paz: Coroico). 

ronnai Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha ronnai Borgmeier, 1935, p. 262, fig. 14, plate 1 figs. 2-3 (male, female; Rio de Janeiro). Brown, 2004a, p. 33, fig. 87 (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Argentina).

Note: Synonymized with Melaloncha rubricornis by Borgmeier, 1968, p. 221. Reinstated by Borgmeier, 1971, p. 129.
Natural history: Ronna, 1936, 1937. 

rostrata Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha rostrata Brown, 2004a, p. 17, fig. 42 (female; Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, and other sites). 

rubricornis Borgmeier. - Brazil.
Melaloncha rubricornis Borgmeier, 1924, p. 17 (male; Petropólis, Rio de Janeiro). Brown, 2004a, p. 35.
?Phora apum [nom. nud.] Amerling, 1862, p. 239.

Note: In my opinion, the placement of "Phora apum" here is highly questionable, but it was listed as a synonym by Borgmeier (1968).  

sarmientoi Gonzalez & Brown – Bolivia.
Melaloncha sarmientoi Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 11, figs. 7, 14 (female; La Paz: Cumbre Alto Beni).

schiaffinoae Gonzalez & Brown – Argentina.
Melaloncha schiaffinoae Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 11, figs. 8, 15 (female; Misiones: Iguazu NP; Res. Urugua-í).

simillima Borgmeier. – Brazil, Costa Rica.
Melaloncha simillima Borgmeier, 1938, p. 52, figs. 14-16, (female; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). Brown, 2004a, p. 35, figs. 10, 88, 93 (Costa Rica).
Melaloncha piliapex: Borgmeier, 1959, p. 175, 1971, p. 126 (in part).

sinuosa Brown. – Brazil.
Melaloncha sinuosa Brown, 2004a, p. 36, fig. 94 (female; Amazonas: 60km N Manaus). 

spatula Brown. – Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama.
Melaloncha spatula Brown, 2004a, p. 21, figs. 49, 54 (female; Puntarenas: 5.5km SW Rincon, and other sites). 

spicula Brown. – Mexico.
Melaloncha spicula Brown, 2004a, p. 18, figs. 44, 45 (female; Chiapas: Yerba Buena; Pueblo: 5 mi NE Texuitlan). 

stenotes Gonzalez & Brown – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha stenotes Gonzalez & Brown, 2004, p. 12, figs. 9, 16 (female; Guanacaste: Santa Cruz).

triangularis Brown. – Costa Rica, Brazil.
Melaloncha triangularis Brown, 2004a, p. 36, figs. 89, 95 (female; Puntarenas: San Luis Monteverde; Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia). 

trua Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha trua Brown, 2004a, p. 14, figs. 12-14, 35, 39 (female; Alajuela: 20km S Upala, and other sites). 

valeria Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha valeria Brown, 2004a, p. 17, figs. 37, 43 (female; Puntarenas: 3km SW Rincon; Alajuela: 20km S Upala). 

vargasi Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha vargasi Brown, 2004a, p. 21, figs. 50, 55 (female; Puntarenas: 5.5km SW Rincon, and other sites). 

trua Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha trua Brown, 2004a, p. 14, figs. 12-14, 35, 39 (female; Alajuela: 20km S Upala, and other sites). 

villosa Brown. – Costa Rica.
Melaloncha villosa Brown, 2004a, p. 37, figs. 90, 96 (female; San José: 6km N San Gerardo). 

woodi Brown. – Costa Rica, Bolivia, Mexico.
Melaloncha woodi Brown, 2004a, p. 37, figs. 91, 97 (female; Alajuela: Alberge de Heliconia, and other sites). 

Literature

Amerling, C. (1862) Noch etwas ueber die Schmarotzer der Bienen. Lotos, 12, 239-240.

Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertész, K., & Stein, P. (1907) Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren, Vol. 3, Budapest, 828 pp.

Borgmeier, T. (1924) Drei neue Phoriden aus Brasilien. Societas entomologica, 39, 13-15, 17-19.

Borgmeier, T. (1933) Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition 1925/26. -Diptera. XLII. Phoridae. Konowia, 12, 95-97.

Borgmeier, T. (1934) O genero Melaloncha Brues (Dipt. Phoridae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 167-189.

Borgmeier, T. (1935) Sobre o cyclo evolutivo de Chonocephalus Wandolleck, e uma nova especie de Melaloncha Brues, endoparasita de abelhas (Dipt. Phoridae). Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Río de Janeiro, 2, 255-265.

Borgmeier, T. (1938) Alguns Phorideos myrmecophilos de Costa Rica e do Brasil e quatro especies novas de Melaloncha Brues (Dipt. Phoridae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 9, 39-53.

Borgmeier, T. (1959) Neue und wenig bekannte Phoriden aus der neotropischen Region, nebst einigen Arten aus dem Belgischen Congo-Gebiet  (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 2, 129-208.

Borgmeier, T. (1960) Gefluegelte und ungefluegelte Phoriden aus der neotropischen Region, nebst Beschreibung von sieben neuen Gattungen (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 3, 257-374.

Borgmeier, T. (1968) A catalogue of the Phoridae of the World (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 11, 1-367.

Borgmeier, T. (1971) Further studies on phorid flies, mainly of the Neotropical Region (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 14, 1-172.

Borgmeier, T. & Prado, A.P.do (1975) New or little known phorid flies with descriptions of eight new genera (Dipt. Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 18, 3-90.

Brown, B. V. (2004a) Revision of the subgenus Udamochiras of Melaloncha bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 140, 1-42.

Brown, B. V. (2004b) Revision of the Melaloncha cingulata-group of bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 97: 386-392.

Brown, B. V. (2005a) Updated key to Udamochiras species. http://www.phorid.net/phoridae/melaloncha/udamochiras_key.html.

Brown, B. V. (2005b) Revision of the Melaloncha (M.) furcata-group of bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Insect Systematics and Evolution. 36: 241-258.

Brues, C.T. (1904) A monograph of the North American Phoridae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 29(1903), 331-403.

Brues, C. T. (1906) Diptera, Family Phoridae. Genera insectorum, vol. 44. P. Wytsman (editor). Verteneuil & Desmet, Bruxelles, Belgium.

Brues, C.T. (1911) New Diptera of the family Phoridae from Paraguay. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 9, 436-442.

Enderlein, G. (1912) Die Phoridenfauna Süd-Brasiliens. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung, 73, 16-45.

Gonzalez, L. & B. V. Brown (2004). New species and records of Melaloncha (Udamochiras) bee-killing flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa. 730, 1-14.

Ramírez, W. (1982) Bombus mexicanus Cresson, un hospedante de Melaloncha, moscas parásitas de la abeja de miel en el nuevo mundo. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30, 177.

Ronna, A. (1936) Observaçôes biologicas sobre dois dipteros parasitas de Apis mellifica [sic] L. (Dipt. Phoridae, Sarcophagidae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 6, 1-9.

Ronna, A. (1937) Novos dados sobre os habitos de Melaloncha ronnai Borgmeier (Dipt. Phoridae), endoparasita de Apis mellifica [sic] L. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 7, 409-413.

Schiner, J.R. (1868) Diptera. Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Volume Zool. Vol. 2, Abt. 1 (ed. by B. Wüllerstorf-Urbair). Wein.

Schmitz, H. (1927) Revision der Phoridengattungen, mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten. Natuurhistorisch maandblad, 16, 30-40, 45-50, 59-65, 72-79, 92-100, 110-116, 128-132, 142-148, 164, 176.

Schmitz, H. (1929) Revision der Phoriden, F.Dümmler, Bonn & Berlin, 211 pp.

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